2 Better modern C++: Classes and types

With the advent of the C++11 standard, several changes were added to enhance language features, improve the Standard Template Library (STL), increase performance, and simplify syntax and expressiveness. Although not described in this book, significant improvements were added for concurrency, including threads and tasks, error detection, chronological and calendar enhancements, and compile-time computations.

The language features introduced in C++11 provide substantial advantages. The auto keyword enables type inference, simplifies code, and enhances readability and effectiveness. Range-based for loops simplify iteration over collections, enhancing code clarity and reducing potential errors. The nullptr literal enhances safety by distinguishing between null pointers and the integer zero.

The STL enhancements introduced in C++11 offer significant benefits. The addition of smart pointers facilitates safe memory management and a reduction in memory leaks. Move semantics streamline resource handling, increasing performance by reducing unnecessary copying. New containers enrich data structure options, improving flexibility and efficiency in data handling. Lambda expressions permit concise and expressive code, increasing readability and effectiveness.

2.1 Mistake 1: Failing to use move semantics

2.2 Mistake 2: Using empty exception specifications

2.3 Mistake 3: Not using override on derived virtual functions

2.4 Mistake 4: Writing simple or hiding unwanted supplied class members

2.5 Mistake 5: Not using in-class initializers

2.6 Mistake 6: Overusing index-based loops

2.7 Mistake 7: Failing to use nullptr

2.8 Mistake 8: Not using unique_ptrs for exclusive ownership

2.9 Mistake 9: Not using shared_ptrs for shared ownership