12 Networking
This chapter covers
- Network types and devices
- Addressing (including physical and logical ports)
- Networking models
- Network segmentation and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Computer networks can vary from small, local systems to extensive global infrastructures, like the Internet, which connects billions of devices around the world. These networks differ greatly in size and complexity. At their core, networks consist of interconnected devices, such as computers and servers, that exchange data to enable communication, collaboration, and efficiency within organizations. While this connectivity offers remote access to information and resources, it also introduces significant security risks.
Networks are appealing targets for attackers. Compromising a single device can grant attackers unauthorized access to sensitive data or allow them to access other connected systems. Attackers can intercept information, manipulate network traffic, or remain undetected within a network for extended periods. Therefore, cybersecurity professionals must understand how networks function to protect their components and secure the data flowing between them.