appendix-a

Appendix A. Selectors reference

 

A.1 Basic selectors

  • tagname—Type selector or tag selector. This selector matches the tag name of the elements to target. It has a specificity of 0,0,1. Examples: p; h1; strong.
  • .class—Class selector. This targets elements that have the specified class name as part of their class attribute. It has a specificity of 0,1,0. Examples: .media; .nav-menu.
  • #id—ID selector. This targets the element with the specified ID attribute. It has a specificity of 1,0,0. Example: #sidebar.
  • *—Universal selector, which targets all elements. This has a specificity of 0,0,0.

A.2 Combinators

Combinators join multiple simple selectors into one complex selector. In the selector .nav-menu li, for example, the space between the two simple selectors is known as a descendant combinator. It indicates the targeted <li> is a descendant of an element that has the nav-menu class. This is the most common combinator, but there are a few others, each of which indicates a particular relationship between the elements indicated:

  • Child combinator (>)—Targets elements that are a direct descendant of another element. Example: .parent > .child.
  • Adjacent sibling combinator (+)—Targets elements that immediately follow another. Example: p + h2 targets an <h2> that immediately follows a <p>.
  • General sibling combinator (~)—Targets all sibling elements following a specified element. Note this doesn’t target siblings that appear before the indicated element. Example: li.active ~ li.

A.3 Pseudo-class selectors

A.4 Pseudo-element selectors

A.5 Attribute selectors