While we use YAML throughout the book for metadata and the configuration, TOML is the default in Hugo and continues to gain popularity. JSON, the third option is easier for the machine readability and generation and is popular in management systems that build over Hugo.
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TOML has all the same elements as YAML.
TOML just like YAML uses hashes(#) for comments.
# Comment in TOML
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key = "value" # TOML requires strings to have quotes around them
key2= 12.0 # Enter declares new keys. This has a float value
key3= 10 # TOML recognizes floats, integers, booleans and dates
key4= 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z # TOML understands dates natively
key5= "hello" # No newlines but indentation allowed
# key6 # null values are not possible in TOML.
key7 = false # Boolean false
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key1= """
This is a multi line string
where enter keys are valid.
Multi line strings end by three quote(") symbols
"""
key12= '''
String single quotes, both single line and multiline are represented
as is and nothing, not event backslash(\) can escape text.
'''
Lists in TOML can be declared using by square braces.
key1= ["d", "e", "f"] # All spacing and indentation is optional
key2= ["d",
"e",
"f"]
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[[key12]] # Dictionary/Map/Key-Value Pairs
key13= 'value13' # The indentation is optional
key14= [ # Order of elements in the dictionary does not matter
"List \" Item 1",
"List Item 2"
]
key15 = 10
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+++ # Three pluses wrap TOML based front matter. <metadata section> +++ <data section>
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baseURL = "http://acme.hugoinaction.com/" languageCode = "en-us" title = "Acme Corporation" theme = "eclectic" [author] facebook = "https://facebook.com/test" twitter = "https://twitter.com/test" email = "contact@example.org" name = "Acme Corporation" location = "New York" phone = "(999) 999-9999" hours = "**Mon-Fri:** 9:00AM - 6:00PM, ET" [menu] [[menu.main]] identifier = "home" name = "Home" url = "/" weight = 1.0 [[menu.main]] identifier = "about" name = "About" url = "/about" weight = 2.0 [[menu.main]] identifier = "contact" name = "Contact" url = "/contact" weight = 3.0 [params] color = "#71B180" copyright = "Copyright © 2020 Acme Corporation. All Rights Reserved." [[params.footer]] title = "About" content = "Acme Corporation is the world's leading manufacturer of digital shapes. From squares and circles to triangles and hexagons, we have it all. Browse through our collection of various forms with different thickness and line styles. We shape the world. You live in it." [[params.footer]] title = "Recent Blog Posts" recents = "blog" recentCount = 7.0 [[params.footer]] title = "Contact Us" contact = true
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// JSON does not support comments. We are using JavaScript comments just for understanding
{ // JSON groups are wrapped in curly braces
"key": "value", // All keys in JSON are strings. All strings have double quotes
"key2": 12.0, // All keys are separated by commas(,) except the last one. New lines are not important.
"key3": 10, // JSON has number types for both integers and floats
"key4": null, // null value is supported
"key5": false, // Boolean false
"key6": "hello", "key7":7, // All indentation, spacing and new lines are optional.
"key7": // Insensitive to new lines and indentation even in between key and value
"hello" // Last element cannot be followed by a comma
}
JSON does not have multiline strings. Use newline characters.
{
"key1": "Multi line strings need \n (newline characters). No single quotes or special modes available"
}
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{
"key3": [ // Lists can be added via [] (square brackets).
1, // All list elements need not be of the same type
"b", // All list elements are separated by commas(,) except the last element
"c"
],
"key4": ["d", "e", "f"] // All spacing and indentation is optional
}
In JSON, dictionaries are created using curly braces
{
"key1": { // Dictionary/Map/Key-Value Pairs
"key11": "value13", // The indentation is optional
"key12": [ // Order of elements in the dictionary does not matter
"List \" Item 1", // Quotes in strings can be escaped
"List Item 2"
],
"key13": 10 // No comma after the last item
} // Closing of a the dictionary
} // Closing of a the JSON section
Brackets in JSON are used for front matter
{
<JSON configuration>
}
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{
"baseURL": "http://acme.hugoinaction.com/",
"languageCode": "en-us",
"title": "Acme Corporation",
"theme": "eclectic",
"author": {
"facebook": "https://facebook.com/test",
"twitter": "https://twitter.com/test",
"email": "contact@example.org",
"name": "Acme Corporation",
"location": "New York",
"phone": "(999) 999-9999",
"hours": "**Mon-Fri:** 9:00AM - 6:00PM, ET"
},
"menu": {
"main": [
{
"identifier": "home",
"name": "Home",
"url": "/",
"weight": 1
},
{
"identifier": "about",
"name": "About",
"url": "/about",
"weight": 2
},
{
"identifier": "contact",
"name": "Contact",
"url": "/contact",
"weight": 3
}
]
},
"params": {
"color": "#71B180",
"copyright": "Copyright © 2020 Acme Corporation. All Rights Reserved.",
"footer": [
{
"title": "About",
"content": "Acme Corporation is the world's leading manufacturer of digital shapes.
From squares and circles to triangles and hexagons, we have it all. Browse
through our collection of various forms with different thickness and line
styles. We shape the world. You live in it."
},
{
"title": "Recent Blog Posts",
"recents": "blog",
"recentCount": 7
},
{
"title": "Contact Us",
"contact": true
}
]
}
}
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