chapter thirteen

13 Multimodal AI Systems for End-to-End Drug Discovery

 

This chapter covers:

  • How to architect production-ready platforms that integrate diverse AI models.
  • Integration patterns used to orchestrate AI components in commercial workflows.
  • Deep dives into real-world case studies, including the discovery of rentosertib and billion-scale virtual screening.
  • Future directions for biological foundation models, virtual cells, and autonomous systems.

The preceding chapters have equipped you with the fundamental building blocks of computational discovery: molecular representations from cheminformatics, QSAR models for property prediction, structure-based design methods, generative models for de novo molecular design, graph neural networks for drug-target affinity prediction, and transformer architectures for protein structures. However, in a production pharmaceutical environment, these techniques rarely operate in isolation.

The key challenge now is combining these AI techniques into systems that can transform the entire drug discovery pipeline. This chapter synthesizes the techniques and concepts from Chapters 1 through 12 by examining how they orchestrate into multimodal platforms that span the workflow from target identification through clinical candidate selection. Rather than introducing entirely new algorithms, our focus here is understanding the integration patterns and practical considerations for building and deploying these multimodal systems.

13.1 From Components to Systems: The Integration Challenge

13.1.1 The Evolution of AI-Driven Drug Discovery

13.1.2 Defining Multimodal AI Systems

13.2 Platform Architecture & Components

13.2.1 Platform Overview

13.2.2 Integration Patterns Across Platforms

13.2.3 Integrating Multimodal Representations

13.3 End-to-End Workflows in Practice

13.3.1 Case Study 1: Rentosertib for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

13.3.2 Case Study 2: Virtual Screening at Billion-Compound Scale

13.3.3 Case Study 3: Protein Therapeutic Design - A Multi-Model Workflow

13.3.4 Tempering In Silico Success with Clinical Reality

13.4 Clinical Translation: Hype vs. Reality

13.4.1 What AI Has Improved

13.4.2 What AI Has Not Solved

13.4.3 Current Limitations and Challenges

13.4.4 Future Directions (2023-2030)

13.4.5 Final Comments

13.5 Summary

13.6 References