nim-reference

Nim Reference

 

Common constructs
const x = 5 Compile-time constant
let y = "Hello" Immutable binding
var z = [1, 2, 3] Mutable variable
proc name(param: int): ReturnType = body
method name(param: float): ReturnType = body
iterator items(list: seq[int]): int = body
template name(param: typed) = body
macro name(param: string): untyped = body
if x > 5:
body
elif y == "Hello":
body
else:
body 		case x
of 5:
body
of 1, 2, 3: body
of 6..30:
body
for item in list:
body 		for i in 0..<len(list):
body
while x == 5:
if y.len > 0:
break
else:
continue 		try:
raise err
except Exception as exc:
echo(exc.msg)
finally: discard

Input/Output
echo(x, 42, "text") readFile("file.txt")
stdout.write("text") writeFile("file.txt", "contents")
stderr.write("error") open("file.txt", fmAppend)
stdin.readLine()  

Type definitions

 
type
  MyType = object
    field: int
 
type
  Colors = enum
    Red, Green,
    Blue, Purple
 
type
  MyRef = ref object
    field*: string

Common infix operations (highest precedence first)
* Multiplication
/ Division (returns float)
div Division (returns integer)
mod Modulus
shl Bit shift left
shr Bit shift right
% String formatting
+ Addition
- Subtraction
& Concatenation
.. Constructs a slice
== <= < >= > != not Boolean comparisons
in notin Determines whether a value is within a container
is isnot Compile-time type equivalence
of Run-time instance of type check
and Bitwise and boolean and operation