concept Flex in category java

This is an excerpt from Manning's book Flex on Java.
A stateful experience with Flex means that the client (Flex) will manage or remember everything it needs to without having to: submit to the server side, update and manage a session or request through HTTP, and refresh the client side with updated data after a submit with data from the session or request.
In general, Java developers have successfully leveraged the principles of object-oriented programming (OOP) to build extremely stable, testable, and extensible applications. Flex has become a rich internet application (RIA) solution for Java developers because it not only bridges the gap between a solid server side and a great UI, it is also built on top of OOP principles such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
These advantages benefit other technologies besides pure Java, as you’ll see in chapter 11, when we demonstrate Flex integration with Grails, one of the hottest web development platforms. We’ll build a simple contact management system and learn how to get rolling with Groovy and Grails development. Integrating Flex with Grails is in many respects easier than integrating Flex with Java.
For the purpose of introducing Flex code, listing 1.1 demonstrates a trivial example of a simple Flex application. We’re going to create a single .mxml file that will print the words “Flex 4 is Fun” as seen in figure 1.4.

This is an excerpt from Manning's book JavaFX in Action.
Flex is a toolkit adding application-centric features to Flash movies, making it easier to write serious web apps alongside games and animations. AIR (Adobe Integrated Runtime, originally codenamed Apollo) is an attempt to allow Flex web applications to become first-class citizens on the desktop. AIR programs can be installed just like regular desktop programs on a PC, Mac, or Linux computer, assuming the appropriate AIR runtime has been installed beforehand. Using WebKit (the open source HTML/JavaScript component), AIR provides a web-page-like shell in which HTML, JavaScript, Flex, Flash, and PDF content can interact. AIR has made it possible to transfer web programming skills directly onto the desktop, and Adobe plans to extend this concept to allow AIR programmers to target mobile devices as well.