An axes section defines a chart’s axes, connecting each axis to a scale and positioning it with an orientation. Axes provide tick marks and labels that make encoded values readable. section 3.1.1
A two-axis chart
A basic Vega specification defines one bottom axis for xScale and one left axis for yScale: { "axes": [ { "orient": "bottom", "scale": "xScale" }, { "orient": "left", "scale": "yScale" } ] }. The referenced scales map data domains to visual ranges.
