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Back_inserter

As explained in Learn C++ by Example

back_inserter is a C++ standard-library function that creates an output iterator which appends assigned values to a container.

back_inserter creates an output iterator that appends assigned values to a container, allowing an algorithm to grow its output as needed. section 9.1.4

Marking triangle numbers

Start with an empty std::vector<char>. std::ranges::transform applies a lambda to each triangle number and writes each '.' or '*' through std::back_inserter(odd_or_even), avoiding manual output sizing. section 9.1.4

How Learn C++ by Example covers it

How deep it goes
Defines append behavior and demonstrates it in a complete transformation, without detailing iterator internals.
Examples
Uses triangle numbers, parity characters, and a ranges transformation to demonstrate dynamically growing output.
What it assumes
Uses basic containers, lambdas, iterators, and ranges algorithms while relying on an existing sequence of triangle numbers.
What you can do after
Apply it via std::ranges::transform to append transformed values into a container without pre-sizing its output.
How it connects
Connects output iterators with std::vector, std::ranges::transform, lambdas, and range-based output algorithms.
Cover of Learn C++ by Example
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