A CNOT gate is a two-qubit controlled-X operation. With the left qubit as control, it flips the right target only when the control is |1⟩; otherwise, it leaves the state unchanged. section 2.3.1
Basis and superposition states
The transformations are CNOT|10⟩ = |11⟩, CNOT|11⟩ = |10⟩, CNOT|00⟩ = |00⟩, and CNOT|01⟩ = |01⟩. By linearity, CNOT(α|10⟩ + β|01⟩) = α|11⟩ + β|01⟩. section 2.3.1
