Cruft is poorly written or redundant code and structure that makes a system harder to change and maintain. It can prevent new functionality, slow delivery, and encourage bug-producing hacks. section 3.1.5
Cruft becomes costly when it leads to:
- Inability to add new functionality. section 3.1.5
- Longer implementation and push-to-production times. section 3.1.5
- More bugs when developers resort to hacks. section 3.1.5
Cruft may result from conscious technical-debt decisions made to deliver value sooner, or from implicit design decisions caused by limited skill or awareness. Making decisions explicit helps expose risks, alternatives, and consequences before they become harder to manage. section 3.1.5

