A sovereignty stack is the full set of chips, computing capacity, models, data pipelines, and policy frameworks that lets a country develop and operate AI on its own terms. It responds to concentrated access to high-end graphics processing units (GPUs), training-scale models, multilingual datasets, and inference services. section 11.5 section 11.5
Building a sovereignty stack can involve:
- National supercomputers and subsidized public cloud access. section 11.5
- Domestic chip alternatives, international alliances, and workarounds shaped by export controls. section 11.5
- Public labs, open-source alternatives, safety-focused funding, and shared infrastructure to reduce dependence. section 11.5
