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@escaping

As explained in Classic Computer Science Problems in Swift: Essential techniques for practicing programmers

@escaping is a Swift parameter annotation indicating that a closure may be stored or invoked after the function receiving it returns.

@escaping marks a Swift closure parameter that can be stored or used after the receiving function returns. It is required when an initializer saves the closure for later use. section 7.5

A stored activation function

init(weights: [Double], activationFunction: @escaping (Double) -> Double, derivativeActivationFunction: @escaping (Double) -> Double, learningRate: Double) { self.activationFunction = activationFunction; self.derivativeActivationFunction = derivativeActivationFunction }

How Classic Computer Science Problems in Swift: Essential techniques for practicing programmers covers it

How deep it goes
Defines the lifetime requirement and compiler enforcement, but does not develop closure implementation internals.
Examples
Uses activation and derivative-activation functions stored in a Neuron and passed through Layer and Network initializers.
What it assumes
Assumes familiarity with Swift closures, initializers, stored properties, and methods.
What you can do after
Apply @escaping in Swift initializers that retain closures for later method calls.
How it connects
Connects closures with initializers, stored properties, activation functions, and neural networks.
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