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Framing effect

As explained in Collaborative Software Design: How to facilitate domain modeling decisions

The framing effect is a cognitive bias in which the presentation of equivalent information changes preferences or judgments.

The framing effect changes preferences by presenting equivalent information in a more positive or negative light. Emphasizing gains while omitting losses can make an alternative appear better, so decision analysis must expose trade-offs carefully. section 9.1.3

A communication-risk trade-off

A participant sees communication between system parts as a possible single point of failure. If the discussion emphasizes the gains of one alternative while leaving its losses unstated, the participant may prefer it without fairly comparing alternatives. Gathering more information can change that preference. section 9.1.3

Use these prompts when sharing decision information:

  • Describe both gains and losses for each alternative. section 9.1.3
  • Check whether additional information changes a stated preference. section 9.1.3
  • Separate preference from the logic used to derive a course of action. section 9.1.3

How Collaborative Software Design: How to facilitate domain modeling decisions covers it

How deep it goes
Defines the bias and gives a practical warning, but stops short of experimental evidence or detailed cognitive mechanisms.
Examples
Uses communication risk, single points of failure, and contrasting gains and losses to illustrate preference shifts.
What it assumes
Assumes familiarity with information, preferences, alternatives, and logic while clarifying how presentation can distort preference.
What you can do after
Evaluate alternatives more fairly by checking how presentation influences preferences and by disclosing relevant trade-offs.
How it connects
Connects information, preferences, alternatives, decision analysis, logic, and heuristics.
Cover of Collaborative Software Design: How to facilitate domain modeling decisions
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