A hierarchical model represents observations nested within groups, such as students within classrooms, schools, and states. It extends regression and classification models to estimate patterns at multiple levels. section 9.1.1 section 9.4
Hierarchical models help answer questions involving both individuals and the groups they belong to:
- Compare subcontractor performance while accounting for relationships with primary contracting companies. section 9.1.1
- Estimate expected tenure for employees hired across different departments. section 9.1.1
- Model student test performance using individual, classroom, school, and state-level factors. section 9.1.1
The approach is especially useful for complex real-world phenomena involving people in their everyday environments, including nonprofit and public-sector settings. It can support stakeholder questions and peer-reviewed research. section 9.1.1
