A cryptographic key is information supplied to a cryptographic algorithm to control its operation. In practice, the algorithm may be visible to everyone; the key is the part that must remain secret. section 1.3
Imagine a website request crossing a hostile wire where messages can be copied or altered. A broken system might leak the key, decrypt messages without it, or reveal information from ciphertext alone. section 1.3
A sound security habit follows three ideas:
- Keep the key secret rather than relying on hiding the algorithm. section 1.3
- Prefer algorithms examined openly by cryptographers and cryptanalysts. section 1.3
- Treat leakage, unauthorized decryption, or information revealed by ciphertext as possible breaks. section 1.3
AES as a case
AES illustrates the separation: it is a published encryption algorithm, while the key supplies the secret state needed for its operation. Its development involved an international NIST competition and public cryptanalysis. section 1.3




