An issuance protocol defines how verifiable credentials are created and delivered to holders, forming one layer of an authorization ecosystem alongside presentation protocols and wallet standards. section 16.7
Two protocol families shape current deployments:
- W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model uses DID-based identifiers, issuer signatures, wallet storage, and signed presentations verified through issuer keys. section 16.7
- OpenID for Verifiable Credentials, including OpenID4VCI, reuses OAuth and OpenID Connect conventions for transport, discovery, and authentication. section 16.7
Multi-protocol verification
ACME accepts presentations delivered through various protocols while applying the same verification pattern: trusted issuers, validated claims, and signed presentations. section 16.7
