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Cisco IOS file system

As explained in Acing the CCNA Exam: Volume 2 Advanced Networking and Security

The Cisco IOS file system is the hierarchical collection of file systems that Cisco IOS uses to manage local and remote device files.

Cisco IOS uses a hierarchical collection of file systems to store, organize, and access configuration files, IOS images, log files, and other device files. The collection spans local storage such as flash memory and NVRAM, plus remote network storage such as TFTP servers. section 8.1.2

Identify file-system types and common prefixes:

  • Opaque file systems support internal functions; system: stores running-config. section 8.1.2
  • Network systems such as tftp: provide access to external file systems. section 8.1.2

Copy an IOS image from TFTP

Run copy tftp: flash:, provide the TFTP server address and source filename, then accept or specify the destination filename. Verify the transfer with show flash:; the new image appears alongside the currently used image.

How Acing the CCNA Exam: Volume 2 Advanced Networking and Security covers it

How deep it goes
Explains file-system types, prefixes, locations, commands, and transfer verification without covering the complete IOS upgrade process.
Examples
Uses show file systems, dir, more, show flash:, and copy tftp: flash: with configuration and IOS-image listings.
What it assumes
Assumes basic TFTP knowledge and teaches file-system types, prefixes, storage locations, and transfer commands.
What you can do after
Operate Cisco IOS file storage through CLI commands and verify copied images and configuration-file locations.
How it connects
Connects running configuration, startup configuration, NVRAM, flash memory, IOS images, and TFTP.
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