A particle operator is a procedure that generates, updates, or evaluates particles during particle swarm optimization. Together, these operations create candidate solutions, move them toward promising particles, and measure fitness. section 4.2.1
Finding cannon-shot parameters
Particles represent guesses for launch velocity and angle. Repeated evaluation and updating swarm these guesses toward parameters that reach the selected target distance, after which the best particle is converted back into a distance. section 4.2.1
