Imagine a smart card that still looks intact but is being heated or illuminated to make its program misbehave. A semi-invasive attack reaches the chip’s surface without fully damaging the device, then uses that access to alter or observe computation. section 13.2.2
Semi-invasive attacks sit between two other physical attack classes:
- Non-invasive attacks observe the device without affecting it, such as measuring power consumption during cryptographic operations. section 13.2.2
- Semi-invasive attacks use non-damaging surface access to influence execution and leak secrets. section 13.2.2
- Invasive attacks open the chip and probe or modify circuitry, risking visible damage or an unusable device. section 13.2.2
Differential fault analysis
An attacker uses heat, lasers, or similar techniques to modify a smart card program while it runs. The resulting faults can help leak cryptographic keys. section 13.2.2
