A symbolic ideal is a culturally and contextually shaped mental image of traits associated with dominance, strength, or high status. It changes across cultures, social hierarchies, and time. When people associate someone with more such traits, they may unconsciously grant that person greater symbolic power and reinforce existing rankings. section 6.1.3
Boardroom expectations
The historical assumption that men were better suited to boardroom work illustrates how a culture can associate gender with authority, rank women lower in that context, and normalize the resulting hierarchy. section 6.1.3
