The TLS handshake is the setup phase before protected transport. It helps client and server find compatible settings, exchange keying material, authenticate identities, and establish session keys. section 9.2.1
A handshake combines four jobs:
- Negotiation selects a mutually supported protocol version and cryptographic algorithms. section 9.2.1
- Key exchange establishes shared keying material between the peers. section 9.2.1
- Authentication prevents a man-in-the-middle attacker from impersonating a peer, using certificate chains and browser trust. section 9.2.1
- Session resumption can fast-track later secure connections without repeating the full key exchange. section 9.2.1
Checking a website identity
A browser can inspect a server certificate chain: a website leaf certificate links through intermediate certificates to a root CA trusted in the browser’s trust store.
