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Trampoline

As explained in Functional Programming in Scala, Second Edition

A trampoline is a control mechanism that repeatedly executes returned computation steps through a single driver loop rather than nested calls.

A trampoline repeatedly executes returned computation steps through one driver loop instead of relying on nested calls. An IO program yields Suspend or FlatMap requests, returns control to unsafeRun, and resumes one suspension at a time. section 13.3.1

Driving an IO program

unsafeRun handles Return directly, evaluates Suspend, and continues FlatMap computations. When nested FlatMaps appear, it reassociates them before continuing, allowing the loop to drive the program rather than growing the call stack.

How Functional Programming in Scala, Second Edition covers it

How deep it goes
Explains the execution protocol and stack-eliminating technique, including FlatMap reassociation, but stops short of broader implementation details.
Examples
Uses Return, Suspend, FlatMap, unsafeRun, and a deeply nested FlatMap chain as concrete artifacts.
What it assumes
Assumes familiarity with IO programs and functional composition while defining Suspend, FlatMap, Return, and trampolining.
What you can do after
Understand how a single loop interprets functional computations while avoiding stack growth from nested calls.
How it connects
Connects IO, coroutines, suspended computations, and the call stack.

Related concepts

This explainer was generated by Manning's knowledge graph from the text of Functional Programming in Scala, Second Edition. The section links point to the parts of the book it draws on.