Unix file permissions provide a compact, resource-attached access-control model. Each file or directory assigns read, write, and execute rights to three principal categories: the owner, a specific group, and everyone else. section 5.1
The model is a simplified access control list (ACL): permissions are evaluated at access time, but assignments remain limited to fixed owner, group, and others roles rather than arbitrary named users. section 5.1
Reading a permission listing
For “-rwxr-xr-- 1 alice devs deploy.sh”, Alice can read, write, and execute the script; members of devs can read and execute it; everyone else can only read it. section 5.1
