A zero-day vulnerability is a security flaw for which no known fix is available. It matters because attackers may exploit such flaws before normal defenses or patches exist. section 9.4
A web application firewall (WAF) can add protection by sitting as a reverse proxy in front of APIs and inspecting requests for malicious behavior. It may block suspicious traffic or clean the input, but cleaning can create bypass risks. section 9.4
A request that defeats weak filtering
An attacker targets /payments with a SQL-injection filter such as "' or 1=1--". Obfuscating it as "+o//r+1=1--" may evade pattern matching, after which sanitization can restore executable SQL. Consequences include unexpected behavior, unauthorized records, or service disruption.
