In chapter 8, you implemented identity-based access controls that represent the mainstream approach to access control in modern API design. Sometimes identity-based access controls can come into conflict with other principles of secure API design. For example, if a Natter user wishes to share a message that they wrote with a wider audience, they would like to just copy a link to it. But this won’t work unless the users they are sharing the link with are also members of the Natter social space it was posted to, because they won’t be granted access. The only way to grant those users access to that message is to either make them members of the space, which violates the principle of least authority (because they now have access to all the messages in that space), or else to copy and paste the whole message into a different system.