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Constitution-as-code document

As explained in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

A constitution is a human-written set of principles specifying aspects of model behavior to assess during critique.

A constitution is a human-written set of principles that makes desired model behavior explicit and gives critique a repeatable target. Principles such as avoiding violence or remaining truthful turn broad alignment goals into checks applied to model outputs. section 12.5

A constitution supports two synthetic-data pipelines:

  • Instruction refinement repeatedly samples a principle, critiques the latest completion, and revises it until the resulting prompt–completion pair is suitable for fine-tuning. section 12.5
  • Preference generation gives a feedback model a prompt, selected principles, and competing completions so it can identify the better answer. section 12.5
  • The resulting synthetic preference data can enter RLHF-style optimization, commonly described in this setting as RLAIF. section 12.5

Principle-guided revision

Given a prompt x and an initial completion y⁰, the process samples principles cᵢ from the constitution, asks the model to revise its latest answer, and produces y⁰ through yⁿ. The final pair is x with yⁿ; a separate feedback model can instead compare two completions against selected principles. section 12.5

Constitutions also function as behavior specifications. Later documents can explain the reasoning and intent behind principles, helping designers clarify priorities and stakeholders compare intended behavior with observed model behavior. section 17.2

How Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback covers it

How deep it goes
Formalizes principles, iterative revisions, final training pairs, and preference comparisons without detailing the complete downstream optimization.
Examples
Uses avoid-violence and truthfulness principles, iterative completion revisions, and principle-conditioned comparisons between candidate answers.
What you can do after
Evaluate/understand how written principles become critique prompts, synthetic training data, and explicit behavior specifications.
How it connects
Connects critique, instruction data, preference data, synthetic data, RLHF, RLAIF, reward models, and model specifications.

Related concepts

This explainer was generated by Manning's knowledge graph from the text of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback. The section links point to the parts of the book it draws on.