A constitution is a human-written set of principles that makes desired model behavior explicit and gives critique a repeatable target. Principles such as avoiding violence or remaining truthful turn broad alignment goals into checks applied to model outputs. section 12.5
A constitution supports two synthetic-data pipelines:
- Instruction refinement repeatedly samples a principle, critiques the latest completion, and revises it until the resulting prompt–completion pair is suitable for fine-tuning. section 12.5
- Preference generation gives a feedback model a prompt, selected principles, and competing completions so it can identify the better answer. section 12.5
- The resulting synthetic preference data can enter RLHF-style optimization, commonly described in this setting as RLAIF. section 12.5
Principle-guided revision
Given a prompt x and an initial completion y⁰, the process samples principles cᵢ from the constitution, asks the model to revise its latest answer, and produces y⁰ through yⁿ. The final pair is x with yⁿ; a separate feedback model can instead compare two completions against selected principles. section 12.5
Constitutions also function as behavior specifications. Later documents can explain the reasoning and intent behind principles, helping designers clarify priorities and stakeholders compare intended behavior with observed model behavior. section 17.2
