The Kubernetes controller manager is a control loop that repeatedly compares resources with their requested state and drives them toward the declared state. section 3.2.2
A single binary runs separate threads for logical controllers. Controllers watch relevant API-server change events rather than receiving direct requests from the API server. section 3.2.2
The cloud controller manager is separate and appears only when configured for a cloud provider; it handles provider-specific nodes, routes, services, load balancers, filtering, and IP addresses. section 3.2.2

