Ethics helps assess the consequences of technological decisions within the legal and societal frameworks where those decisions operate. LLM deployments make this practical: biased detection systems can produce false positives, arbitrary enforcement, and discriminatory punishment. section 12.2.1
Ethical responsibility differs from moral responsibility. Morality asks whether an action is good or blameworthy; ethics asks whether consequences warrant legal and societal accountability. The two judgments can agree, but changing the surrounding context may separate them. section 12.2.1
The trolley problem
A trolley kills someone when a person does nothing. The scenario does not supply a single answer; it exposes how responsibility depends on the distinction between personal fault and practical consequences. section 12.2.1


