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Illiquid asset

As explained in Investing for Programmers

An asset or position that cannot be sold quickly without a substantial price concession or significant transaction difficulty.

An illiquid asset or position cannot be sold quickly without a substantial price concession or significant transaction difficulty. Finding a buyer and converting it to cash at a fair price may take months or years. section 12.2 section 1.2.9

Evaluate an illiquid position by checking:

  • Exit speed: determine whether selling is immediate, slow, or dependent on finding a specialized buyer. section 1.2.9
  • Price uncertainty: account for vague valuations, unpredictable returns, and the possibility of losing most or all invested capital. section 12.2
  • Carrying burden: include maintenance, storage, insurance, or management difficulties where relevant. section 1.2.9

Private equity and real estate

Private equity can offer exceptional percentage gains but may remain difficult to value and sell until an exit. Real estate similarly requires finding a buyer, while landlords face tenant and property risks. section 12.2 section 1.2.9

How Investing for Programmers covers it

How deep it goes
Defines illiquidity and illustrates its consequences, but stops short of quantitative liquidity measurement or implementation.
Examples
Uses start-up shares, real estate, patents, art, and other non-fungible assets to illustrate difficult exits.
What you can do after
Evaluate liquidity trade-offs by comparing exit difficulty, valuation uncertainty, return potential, and ownership costs.
How it connects
Links liquidity to private equity, real estate, public stocks, securities, and non-fungible assets.

This explainer was generated by Manning's knowledge graph from the text of Investing for Programmers. The section links point to the parts of the book it draws on.