Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that organizes software around objects combining state and behavior, commonly using encapsulation, classes, inheritance, or polymorphism.
Functional Design and Architecture: Examples in Haskell
A programming paradigm that organizes software around objects combining state with behavior and supports mechanisms such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
- How it is used
- Guides decomposition of large applications into lower-risk, maintainable structures and design decisions.
- How deep it goes
- Explains patterns, contracts, SOLID, substitution failures, and coupling, while contrasting functional alternatives rather than detailing object internals.
- Examples
- Uses a Kelvin-to-Celsius thermometer adapter and a lamp interface whose implementation violates Liskov substitution.
- What you can do after
- Evaluate/understand object-oriented design decisions using patterns, contracts, SOLID principles, low coupling, and high cohesion.
Data-Oriented Programming: Reduce software complexity
A programming paradigm in which programs are composed from objects that combine state with methods for accessing and manipulating that state.
- How it is used
- Frames OOP as a design choice whose object structure can increase the difficulty of understanding production systems.
- How deep it goes
- Explains object composition, class relationships, mutability, serialization, and hierarchies, but does not develop language-specific internals.
- Examples
- Uses a library-management class diagram and repeated JSON REST endpoint classes to expose relationship and serialization costs.
- What you can do after
- Evaluate OOP designs by tracing relationships, mutable state, serialization work, and class-hierarchy complexity.
Python Workout, Second Edition
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that organizes software around objects that combine state and behavior.
- How it is used
- Organizes related data and behavior into maintainable Python objects with domain-specific interfaces.
- How deep it goes
- Defines classes, instances, methods, attributes, interfaces, inheritance, composition, and public-data tradeoffs through implementation exercises.
- Examples
- Uses student grade averages, ScoreList, and a Zoo class combining object-oriented methods with list comprehensions and generator expressions.
- What you can do after
- Build and maintain Python classes using methods, attributes, composition, inheritance, and documented interfaces.
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The Well-Grounded Rubyist, Fourth Edition
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that organizes computation around objects that encapsulate data and perform actions in response to requests.
- How it is used
- Organizes calculations, data manipulation, and input/output as requests to objects.
- How deep it goes
- Defines the approach through a generic Ruby object and its method, then connects it to design; defers in-depth treatment of classes.
- Examples
- Uses a talking generic object and a cargo hold whose `unload` method delegates to a stack operation.
- What you can do after
- Build it from scratch by creating a Ruby object, defining and calling its method, and choosing names that express an object's purpose.
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Python Workout: 50 ten-minute exercises
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that organizes software around objects defined by classes containing state and behavior.
- How it is used
- Organizes related data and behavior into domain-specific objects instead of separating nouns from verbs procedurally.
- How deep it goes
- Defines classes, objects, methods, and selected Python features through a score example and Zoo exercises.
- Examples
- Uses procedural and ScoreList grade calculations plus Zoo filtering, transfer, and keyword-query exercises.
- What you can do after
- Build Python classes that combine stored data with methods and extend them through practical object-oriented exercises.
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Go in Practice, Second Edition
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that organizes software around objects combining data with operations and commonly uses abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism.
- How it is used
- Applies object-oriented ideas to Go development through structs, interfaces, and methods.
- How deep it goes
- Explains the model through Java and Go listings, then demonstrates compile-time interface checking.
- Examples
- Uses Animal, Cat, Dog, and Llama examples to contrast inheritance with interface relationships.
- What you can do after
- Apply it via Go structs, methods, and interfaces to model object-like behavior without explicit inheritance.
Read how Go in Practice, Second Edition explains object-oriented programming →
The Art of Unit Testing 3e
A programming paradigm that structures software around objects encapsulating state and behavior.
- How it is used
- Frames object-oriented design as a JavaScript paradigm and applies it to dependency injection and mock-based interaction testing.
- How deep it goes
- Treats the style through design choices, dependency injection, and mocking rather than presenting a language-independent implementation theory.
- Examples
- Uses TypeScript object-oriented examples and discusses dependency-injection and mock-object patterns.
- What you can do after
- Evaluate whether object-oriented or functional design better fits a team and apply shared patterns across both styles.
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Python How-To
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that organizes software around objects containing data and related behavior.
- How it is used
- Organizes Python programs around objects, particularly custom-class instances that combine data with functionality.
- How deep it goes
- Defines classes, instances, attributes, and methods, then demonstrates object use without exhaustively covering Python’s object model.
- Examples
- Uses compiled regular expressions, Pattern methods, and direct re-module function calls to contrast object-oriented and functional styles.
- What you can do after
- Apply it via Python’s re module by compiling a Pattern object and invoking its attributes and search methods.
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The Well-Grounded Python Developer: How the pros use Python and Flask
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that organizes software around objects containing state and behavior.
- How it is used
- Organizes state and the functions acting on it when separate stateful contexts become difficult to manage.
- How deep it goes
- Explains encapsulation, classes, instances, inheritance, and composition as design mechanisms for reusable objects.
- Examples
- Uses stateful function calls, collection objects, and a cookie-cutter analogy to distinguish classes from instances.
- What you can do after
- Apply it by designing classes that combine data and methods, reuse features through inheritance, and extend designs through composition.
Related concepts
- inheritancehas part · Inheritance is a mechanism by which a child type or element receives properties, values, or behavior from a parent, subject to system rules and possible overrides.
- encapsulationhas part · Encapsulation is a software design principle that contains state and implementation details behind a controlled interface, limiting direct access from outside.
- polymorphismhas part · Polymorphism is a programming-language capability that lets a common interface or operation work with values of different types while allowing behavior to vary by type or implementation.
- relational database management systemcontrasts with · A relational database management system is software that stores and manages data organized as relations, typically represented as tables, and supports querying and updating that data.
- abstractionhas part · Abstraction is a simplified representation that exposes relevant properties or behavior while omitting lower-level details unnecessary for a given purpose.
- functional, stateless philosophycontrasts with · Functional programming is a programming paradigm that expresses computation through the evaluation and composition of functions, typically favoring immutable data and minimizing mutable state and side effects.
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