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Parallel flow

As explained in AI Agents in Action, Second Edition

A parallel flow is a multi-agent pattern in which independent agents execute subtasks concurrently and a downstream step combines their outputs.

A parallel flow lets independent agents work at the same time, then passes their outputs to a downstream step that combines them. Unlike a sequential pipeline, one middle agent does not have to wait for the other to finish before starting. section 4.1.3

A simple flow shape

Think of a task that splits into two independent pieces: start → two agents working simultaneously → combined output. The key design question is whether either agent needs the other’s result. If so, that work belongs in sequence rather than in the parallel middle step. section 4.1.3

Choose the coordination pattern to fit the work:

  • Use parallel delegation when multiple tasks or agents can run together to improve performance. section 4.1.3
  • Use a sequential pipeline when tasks have a defined order; start with the simplest workable pattern before combining patterns. section 4.1.3
Figure 4.4 Various ways agents may coordinate execution sequentially or in parallel

The diagram places parallel flow beside sequential, hierarchical, and iterative coordination shapes, making the difference in execution order easier to see. section 4.1.3

How AI Agents in Action, Second Edition covers it

How deep it goes
Defines the pattern through a two-middle-agent diagram and selection table, without specifying implementation or failure handling.
Examples
Uses a diagram with two middle agents executing simultaneously and a table identifying when parallel delegation fits.
What you can do after
Evaluate/understand it by choosing parallel delegation when multiple tasks or agents can run together to improve performance.
How it connects
Contrasts with sequential pipelines and sits alongside hierarchical coordination and iterative critique as an agent coordination strategy.

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This explainer was generated by Manning's knowledge graph from the text of AI Agents in Action, Second Edition. The section links point to the parts of the book it draws on.