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Price/earnings-to-growth ratio

As explained in Investing for Programmers

A price/earnings-to-growth ratio compares a company’s price-to-earnings ratio with its earnings growth rate.

The price/earnings-to-growth ratio (PEG) divides a company’s price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio by its earnings growth rate. It adds projected growth to a comparison that would otherwise show only how much investors pay for earnings. section 2.4.4

Use PEG as comparative evidence, not as a standalone verdict:

  • Compare the result with sector medians and peer companies because P/E levels vary substantially by sector. section 2.4.4
  • Distinguish trailing and forward measures; projected earnings can materially change the interpretation. section 2.4.4
  • Treat the ratio as a story-dependent metric: a high P/E may look expensive until expected earnings growth is included. section 2.4.4
Table 2.7 A snapshot of NVIDIA’s valuation
Sector relative grade
NVIDIA
Sector median
% diff. to sector
NVIDIA 5Y avg.
% diff. to 5Y avg.
P/E Non-GAAP (TTM)
D
44.43
22.20
100.10
63.09
29.59
P/E Non-GAAP (FWD)
C-
33.14
22.64
46.38
47.38
30.05
P/E GAAP (TTM)
C-
45.71
28.17
62.22
83.84
45.49
P/E GAAP (FWD)
C
35.04
29.14
20.24
62.08
43.56
PEG GAAP (TTM)
B
0.56
0.91
-38,45
—
NM
PEG Non-GAAP (FWD)
B+
1.15
1.73
-33.48
1.80
36.21
FWD, forward (future financial performance); TTM, trailing 12 months (most recent 12-month period); NM, nonmeaningful value
Data taken from Seeking Alpha on June 8, 2025 (for the latest data, go to https://mng.bz/Gwm8)

Compare NVIDIA’s trailing and forward PEG values with sector medians and five-year averages in the valuation snapshot. section 2.4.4

How Investing for Programmers covers it

How deep it goes
Defines the ratio and interprets trailing and forward examples, without developing a broader valuation model.
Examples
Uses NVIDIA, Pfizer, S&P 500, sector medians, and earnings-ratio tables covering five companies.
What you can do after
Evaluate valuation by comparing P/E with growth and checking the result against peers, sector medians, and historical measures.
How it connects
Connects PEG with P/E ratio, earnings growth, sector medians, peer comparison, and forward earnings.

Related concepts

This explainer was generated by Manning's knowledge graph from the text of Investing for Programmers. The section links point to the parts of the book it draws on.