Race condition

As explained in Functional Programming in Scala, Second Edition

A race condition is a concurrency defect in which a result depends on the timing or interleaving of operations from multiple threads.

How Functional Programming in Scala, Second Edition covers it

How deep it goes

Explains the coordination problem and demonstrates an actor-based solution, while deferring detailed actor implementation internals.

Examples

Uses Par.map2, two asynchronously arriving results, and an actor that combines stored Option values.

What it assumes

Assumes familiarity with multiple threads, parallel computations, callbacks, and the Par.map2 combinator.

What you can do after

Diagnose/debug with actors by identifying arrival-order hazards and serializing coordination through messages.

How it connects

Connects race conditions with concurrency, actors, deadlocks, threads, and non-blocking parallelism.

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Also explained in

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  C++ Concurrency in Action, Second EditionA race condition is a program condition in which behavior depends on the timing or ordering of operations performed by concurrent threads.
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  Learn Concurrent Programming with GoA race condition is a concurrency defect in which program behavior depends on the timing or interleaving of unsynchronized operations.
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  Learn Go with Pocket-Sized ProjectsA race condition is a correctness fault in which the result depends on the timing or interleaving of concurrent operations.
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  Python Concurrency with asyncioA race condition is a concurrency bug in which the result or observable behavior depends on the timing or ordering of concurrent operations.
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  Functional Design and Architecture: Examples in HaskellA race condition is a concurrency defect in which the outcome depends on an unexpected competition between threads for a shared resource.
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  Java Persistence with Spring Data and Hibernate epubA race condition is a correctness problem in which the outcome depends on the timing or interleaving of concurrent operations.
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  Grokking ConcurrencyA race condition is a concurrency bug in which the result depends on the timing or ordering of competing accesses to shared state or resources.
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  Troubleshooting Java, Second EditionA race condition is a concurrency defect whose outcome depends on the timing or interleaving of operations.
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  Advanced Algorithms and Data StructuresA race condition is a concurrency error in which program behavior depends on the timing or interleaving of operations.
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  C# Concurrency: Asynchronous and multithreaded programmingA race condition is a concurrent-execution defect in which program results depend on uncontrollable timing or interleaving between execution flows.
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  Go by ExampleA race condition is a concurrency defect in which program behavior depends on the timing or ordering of operations accessing shared state.
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  Modern C, Third EditionA race condition is an execution condition in which the result depends on the relative timing or interleaving of accesses by concurrent or asynchronously executing code.
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  React Hooks in Action: With Suspense and Concurrent ModeA race condition is a correctness problem in which the result depends on the timing or ordering of concurrent operations.
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  100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid ThemA race condition is a concurrency defect in which program behavior depends on the timing or ordering of operations on shared state.
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  Think Distributed SystemsA concurrency situation in which at least one possible ordering of actions produces an incorrect result.
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  Rust Servers, Services, and AppsA race condition is a concurrency defect in which the result depends on the timing or interleaving of operations.
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  Object-Oriented Software Design in C++A race condition is a concurrency defect in which program behavior depends on the timing or ordering of simultaneous operations.
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  Go in Practice, Second EditionA race condition is a correctness or timing defect caused by program behavior depending on the uncontrolled ordering of concurrent operations.
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  F# in Action: A Revised Edition of Get Programming with F#A race condition is a concurrency defect in which a result depends on the timing or interleaving of competing operations.

Compare how 20 books explain race condition →

Related concepts

• lockingaddressed by · Locking is a synchronization technique that restricts concurrent access to shared resources or protected operations.
• data raceincludes · A data race is a concurrent access to shared data in which at least one access is a write and the accesses are not adequately synchronized.
• deadlockcontrasts with · A deadlock is a state in concurrent execution where two or more activities are indefinitely blocked by dependencies on resources, events, or progress that cannot become available.
• go testmeasured by · go test is the Go command that builds and runs tests for specified packages and can also execute benchmarks and report coverage.
• double-checked locking patternproduced by · Double-checked locking is a synchronization pattern that checks a shared pointer before and after acquiring a lock to avoid locking when initialization is complete.
• read-modify-write operationproduced by · An operation that reads a value from a location, computes or selects an update, and writes the resulting value back to that location.

This explainer was generated by Manning's knowledge graph from the text of Functional Programming in Scala, Second Edition. The section links point to the parts of the book it draws on.