Recovery time objective (RTO) is the maximum downtime acceptable before service is fully restored after a disaster. In PostgreSQL, RTO depends on the high-availability architecture, not merely on having backups. section 9.5
The backup-only recovery trap
A team may feel protected because backups and point-in-time recovery can recover committed data. If the server burns down, however, restoring the installation onto replacement hardware or a new cloud instance can cause significant downtime. A spare server or standby reduces that restoration delay; replication and failover architecture determine whether the result meets the RTO. section 9.5
Figure 9.3 A sample PostgreSQL HA setup with a cascaded replication for redundancy and backup
Use the cascaded-replication diagram to relate redundancy architecture to faster recovery and reduced service interruption. section 9.5


