Semantics

As explained in Knowledge Graphs and LLMs in Action

Semantics is the explicit representation of the meaning of data through typed entities and meaningful relationships.

Semantics makes data meaning explicit by modeling typed entities, attributes, and meaningful named relationships within a domain knowledge graph. This structure supports contextual knowledge, explainability, and reasoning. section 1.4.1

Semantic modeling typically combines:

• Taxonomies organize categories hierarchically through broader–narrower relationships, such as Vehicle, Car, and Sedan. section 1.6.1
• Ontologies define identity, difference, disjointness, unions, complements, and cardinality restrictions among concepts. section 1.6.1
• Modern knowledge graphs often apply just enough semantics: partial, extensible models that address current domain needs without rigid completeness. section 1.6.1

Healthcare domain

A healthcare knowledge graph may begin with an oncology or cardiology ontology, then expand into additional specialties as requirements evolve. section 1.6.1

Figure 1.6 The four pillars of KGs: evolution, semantics, integration, and learning

Use the four-pillar view to relate semantics to evolution, integration, and learning in knowledge graphs. section 1.4.1

How Knowledge Graphs and LLMs in Action covers it

How deep it goes

Explains typed relationships, taxonomies, ontologies, and pragmatic partial modeling without detailing formal implementation procedures.

Examples

Uses Vehicle–Car–Sedan hierarchies, Car–Automobile identity, Car–Bicycle disjointness, and healthcare specialty ontologies.

What it assumes

Assumes familiarity with graph data models while distinguishing structural graph information from semantic metadata.

What you can do after

Evaluate graph representations for meaningful relationships, explainability, and extensible domain modeling.

How it connects

Connects knowledge graphs with taxonomies, ontologies, RDF, labeled property graphs, integration, and inference.

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Also explained in

• 

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  LLMs in ProductionSemantics is the study of meaning in language, including the meanings of expressions and their combinations.

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Related concepts

• natural languagepart of · Natural language is a human language that develops through social use and is used for communication, in spoken or written form.
• syntaxcontrasts with · Syntax is the set of rules governing how elements of a language or notation may be arranged to form valid expressions or constructs.
• embedding layeruses · An embedding layer maps discrete identifiers, such as tokens or categories, to learned dense numerical vectors.
• Pythonused by · Python is a high-level, general-purpose, dynamically typed programming language known for readable syntax and automatic memory management.

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