The HTML <sub> element marks text as a subscript: a smaller piece of text positioned partly below the normal text baseline. It is especially handy for chemical and mathematical formulas. section 16.1
A chemical formula
Wrap the formula’s lower numbers in <sub> tags: FeSO<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. The browser places those numbers below the baseline. section 16.1
Many illuminated manuscripts are written using iron gall ink, which is iron sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) added to gallic acid (C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>5</sub>).
See the complete chemical-formula example using several subscripted numbers. section 16.1
Use <sub> when the lowered position carries meaning, not merely because smaller text looks decorative. section 16.1
