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Underperformance

As explained in Think Like a Software Engineering Manager

An underperforming employee is an employee whose demonstrated performance does not meet the expectations of their role.

A software engineer starts missing deadlines, and the quality of their work changes. Underperformance means falling below a role’s expected standards for delivery, quality, or behavior. Identify it early so the employee has a chance to improve and the team can plan around the impact. section 4.5 section 4.5.1

For an individual, move from observation to support rather than jumping to a conclusion:

  • Identify specific changes, such as missed deadlines, lower work quality, or reduced engagement. Use one-on-ones and performance reviews to give continuous, actionable feedback; the concern should not come as a surprise. section 4.5.1
  • Investigate the root cause without personal bias. Consider skill gaps, personal concerns, role fit, missing resources, unclear expectations, or changing interests. section 4.5.1
  • Match support to the cause. Mentorship and training may address a skill gap; a different role may better fit changed interests. Use a coaching plan to track improvement, and consider a performance improvement plan if performance does not improve. section 4.5.2 section 4.7

Two different outcomes

An engineer whose interests had shifted toward project delivery shadowed a technical program manager and moved into that role within three months. Another engineer improved technical skills through mentorship and training in a 60-day coaching plan. Underperformance does not always end in termination. section 4.5.2

If a whole team misses commitments, investigate the system as well as individual performance. Repeated sprint spillovers, for example, traced to duplicate work, poorly communicated absence, and slow code reviews. Observe team dynamics, clarify expectations, seek other perspectives, and remove process blockers. section 4.5.4

A cross-functional partner may also be struggling, even when you are not their manager. Validate the concern through feedback, offer resources or mentorship, and work with their manager on concrete goals. Ask: what have I observed, what might be causing it, and what support can I offer? section 9.1.7 section 4.5.1

How Think Like a Software Engineering Manager covers it

How deep it goes
Develops an observation-and-root-cause framework, then outlines coaching and possible escalation without detailing performance improvement plan procedures.
Examples
Uses missed deliverables, a role transition, a 60-day coaching plan, and sprint spillovers caused by communication problems.
What it assumes
Starts with observable work patterns and introduces root-cause analysis as a framework usable by first-time engineering managers.
What you can do after
Diagnose/debug with it: identify performance gaps, investigate causes, and choose support for an individual, team, or cross-functional partner.
How it connects
Connects underperformance to one-on-ones, performance reviews, coaching plans, performance improvement plans, team processes, and cross-functional collaboration.

Related concepts

This explainer was generated by Manning's knowledge graph from the text of Think Like a Software Engineering Manager. The section links point to the parts of the book it draws on.