Isolation specifies what unit tests or the system under test must be separated from. The London school isolates the system under test from collaborators; the classical school isolates tests from one another. section 2.2
The two interpretations lead to different testing boundaries:
- London-style tests treat a class as the unit and replace mutable dependencies, while retaining immutable values. section 2.2
- Immutable values such as numbers, enums, and value objects need no test doubles because their contents cannot change. section 2.2
Purchase with isolated inventory
A purchase test substitutes the mutable store with a mock, configures insufficient inventory, asserts failure, and verifies that inventory removal never occurs.







