Who can sign in to Azure, and what can they access once they do? Microsoft Entra ID is Azure’s identity and access management service—the bouncer checking identities and permissions at the door. It was called Azure Active Directory until 2023, so you may still encounter the old name. section 6.6 section 6.1.1
An Azure account comes with an Entra ID tenant. The tenant holds identities for people as well as applications and processes; subscriptions contain the Azure resources those identities may need to use. An identity needs credentials in Entra ID before it can seek access to Azure resources. section 6.3 section 6.9
Entra ID helps put a zero-trust approach into practice: start with no access, then grant only what is needed.
- Create an identity. A new user starts with a name and username; other settings, including group membership and permissions, can be added later. section 6.3
- Verify sign-ins. Entra ID supports multifactor authentication (MFA) and passwordless login. section 6.6
- Limit authorization. Role-based access control (RBAC) determines access through a security principal, role definition, and scope. section 6.9
Not every identity belongs to a person. A service principal lets an application access Azure resources, while a managed identity lets code authenticate without managing its own secrets. Both address the awkward question of how to give an app access without handing it a human’s password. section 6.6 section 6.9
Give a known identity access to Azure SQL
Suppose a team wants database access tied to an Entra ID user rather than separate SQL Server credentials. Using Azure CLI, designate that user as an Azure SQL Server administrator with their display name and object ID. Access can then be managed through the known identity and its permissions. section 10.6.1
C:/> az sql server ad-admin create --resource-group BanningRG --server-name BanningBooksServer --display-name <EntraIDDisplayName> --object-id <EntraIDObjectId>
The Azure CLI command shows the resource group, server name, display name, and object ID needed to designate an Entra ID account as Azure SQL Server administrator. section 10.6.1


