Common-sense reasoning applies ordinary background knowledge to interpret situations, infer context, grasp nuances, and adapt judgments to unfamiliar or unstructured environments. AI often struggles with this flexibility, making human judgment valuable in human–AI collaboration. section 3.3.2
Practical judgment across contexts
A doctor may intuitively notice a problematic area in an X-ray through accumulated experience. A customer-service representative can respond empathetically to an aggressive customer, while a product team can align new features with company strategy, mission, and vision. section 3.3.2
Common sense helps determine which decisions should remain human-led when AI lacks contextual understanding, nuance, or ethical judgment. section 3.3.2



