The data plane is the set of worker resources that execute application workloads and carry operational traffic. In Kubernetes, its components launch, health-check, report, and terminate containers running in pods, while the control plane manages cluster resource state. section 3.2.3
The boundary is practical rather than uniform: load balancers, networked storage, APIs, and formats can differ across cloud providers. Operating the data plane also exposes logs and metrics that require deliberate collection, routing, storage, and querying. section 3.2.3
Kubernetes workload signals
A deployed frontend runs in the data plane while its container logs are streamed with kubectl logs. Operators can inspect application output alongside Kubernetes metrics such as API-server latency. section 3.2.3



