Low-rank adaptation, usually called LoRA, fine-tunes an existing model without rewriting its original parameters. It inserts small layers containing new learnable parameters, so training changes a limited part of the system. section 3.3
What changes during fine-tuning
Instead of updating every parameter in an existing model, LoRA adds small trainable layers and leaves the original model parameters intact. The fine-tuning process therefore calculates fewer parameter updates on each iteration. section 3.3
LoRA’s practical tradeoffs:
- Speeds up fine-tuning because fewer parameter updates must be calculated. section 3.3
- Helps control overfitting by restricting how many parameters can change. section 3.3
- Still requires suitable fine-tuning configuration and validation or test sets to compare strategies and detect overfitting. section 3.3








