A process assumption is a belief—stated or unstated—about how data arise or how an analysis works. Questioning it helps separate a real effect from a convenient story. section 1.4
When evaluating a statistical claim, inspect:
- Whether sampling bias, ignored variables, or aggressive outlier removal changed the result. section 1.4
- Whether incentives or funding could favor a particular conclusion. section 1.4
The pricing-system success story
A director attributes $70 million in extra revenue to a new pricing system because the analysis is statistically significant. A competitor’s retreat from several markets offers another explanation: newly acquired customers may account for the increase. The significance calculation does not establish that the pricing system caused it. section 1.4
