PyTorch provides tensor-based tools for defining and training neural networks. In reinforcement learning, it expresses actor and critic models, forward passes, losses, and optimizer updates in executable Python. section 12.3
CartPole with A2C
Create an environment, derive its state and action dimensions, instantiate actor and critic networks, train for 500 episodes, and record returns. A higher-level alternative uses Stable-Baselines3 with Gymnasium and A2C or PPO.










