A strong learner is a sufficiently complex predictive model with good performance on its task. A deep decision tree with over 80% binary-classification accuracy illustrates the idea; a shallow tree near 51% represents a weak learner. section 1.5
Strong learners commonly serve as base models in parallel ensembles, whose component models train independently before their predictions are combined. Sequential ensembles usually take the opposite route, combining weak learners into one strong learner. section 1.5 section 4.1
Strength reflects both model complexity and predictive performance:
- Use strong learners directly in methods such as bagging, random forests, and Extra Trees, which train component models in parallel. section 1.5
- Create a strong learner sequentially by repeatedly training weak estimators to address earlier mistakes, as boosting does. section 4.0
AdaBoost turns stumps into a stronger ensemble
AdaBoost begins with equally weighted examples, then increases the weights of misclassified examples so later decision stumps prioritize them. After three iterations, stumps with individual training errors of 15%, 20%, and 25% form an ensemble with a 9% error rate. section 4.2.1

