A tensor processing unit (TPU) is Google’s custom-built accelerator for running and training artificial neural networks. In GPipe experiments, TPU hardware provided the platform for scaling Transformer training across multiple partitions. section 6.3.2
Scaling a Transformer
A single 16 GB TPU can store approximately 282 million parameters. With GPipe, researchers trained an 83.9-billion-parameter Transformer across 128 TPU partitions—nearly 300 times the size achievable on one device. section 6.3.2




