UMAP is a nonlinear dimensionality-reduction technique that projects complex, high-dimensional data into a few dimensions for visualization. section 2.4.3
In exploratory data analysis, UMAP can expose patterns, clusters, and isolated points that are difficult to see across many original features. section 2.4.3
Use UMAP with these practical cautions:
- Compare its projections with alternatives such as PCA, SVD, and t-SNE when investigating nonlinear structure. section 2.4.3
- Treat apparent clusters and anomalies as exploratory signals, because hyperparameter changes can produce substantially different plots. section 2.4.3
- Avoid treating the chart as a complete explanation when many points or dense clusters make interpretation difficult. section 2.4.3


