A CI/CD server is a shared server or online service that builds software when developers push changes to source control. It catches problems early, such as a missing file, and alerts the team when the build fails. section 4.1
The trade-off is maintenance: teams must install compatible language tools, keep versions aligned, and support the build environment. Docker offers an alternative by packaging the build toolset in an image. section 4.1
A Docker-based build workflow can:
- Script the installation of build tools in a Dockerfile. section 4.1
- Separate compilation, testing, and final packaging into multi-stage builds. section 4.1
- Share one repeatable build environment instead of reproducing tools on every developer machine. section 4.1
Minimal multi-stage build
A build stage writes /build.txt, a test stage copies it and appends test output, and the final image copies the tested file. Build it with `docker image build -t multi-stage .`.



