Self-supervised learning trains a model with targets derived from the input data instead of manual labels. This makes vast amounts of unlabeled text, images, and other data available for training. section 1.8 section 1.14
Typical self-supervised objectives reconstruct or predict part of the original input:
- Predict the next word in a sentence from its preceding context. section 1.8
- Re-create a sharp image from a noisy version of that image. section 1.8
- Reconstruct data from a partial representation, producing a broad representation that can later support downstream tasks. section 16.4.2
From reconstruction to general-purpose models
A foundation model can learn from broad internet-scale data by reconstructing missing or altered content. Afterward, the learned representation can be fine-tuned for many downstream tasks rather than training a separate model from scratch for each individual dataset. section 16.4.2







